• Para questões sobre compatibilidade de hardware, veja a página de problemas conhecidos.
• Para saber o que você pode fazer com Tails, veja nossa documentação.
• Para questões relacionadas ao Tor, veja também as páginas de suporte do Tor.

Tails project

Qual é a relação entre Tor e Tails?

Veja nossa explicação sobre por que o Tails utiliza Tor.

Por que o Tails é baseado em Debian e não em outra distribuição?

Nós estamos profundamente enraizados e envolvidos com o Debian. As amizades, relacionamentos e perícia técnica que existem no Debian têm muitos benefícios para o Tails, e nós não estamos prontos para construir o mesmo relacionamento com o Ubuntu, OpenBSD ou qualquer outra distribuição. Veja nossa declaração sobre nossa relação com upstream para detalhes.

Veja também o artigo Por que há tantos derivados de Debian por Stefano Zacchiroli.

Por que o Tails não é baseado em Ubuntu?

Primeiro, veja a resposta à questão anterior.

1. O ciclo de desenvolvimento rápido do Ubuntu seria rápido demais para o Tails.
2. Ubuntu adiciona funcionalidades de uma forma que consideramos perigosa para a privacidade. Exemplos disso são o Ubuntu One (parcialmente descontinuado) e as propagandas da Amazon e seu vazamento de dados.
3. Ubuntu é mantido por uma empresa que toma as decisões mais importantes e tem o poder de fazer com que elas se tornem realidade.
4. Nós geralmente incluímos kernels e drivers de vídeo do Debian backports. O resultado é comparável ao Ubuntu em termos de suporte a hardware recente.
5. Nós pensamos que a qualidade geral do trabalho de manutenção feito nos pacotes é importante a partir de uma perspectiva de segurança. Os mantenedores do Debian geralmente são especialistas nos campos dos pacotes com os quais lidam; mas este geralmente não é o caso fora do número limitado de pacotes que o Ubuntu oficialmente suporta.
6. We are actively working on improving AppArmor support in Tails; a security framework that is already used in a few Ubuntu applications.
7. Também estamos trabalhando para adicionar opções de compilador mais robustas para mais pacotes Debian inclusos no Tails; outra funcionalidade de segurança que o Ubuntu já provê.

Why does Tails ship the GNOME Desktop?

We had users ask for LXDE, XFCE, MATE, KDE, and so on, but we are not going to change desktop. According to us, the main drawback of GNOME is that it requires quite a lot of resources to work properly, but it has many advantages. The GNOME Desktop is:

• Well integrated, especially for new Linux users.
• Very well translated and documented.
• Doing relatively good regarding accessibility features.
• Actively developed.
• Well maintained in Debian, where it is the default desktop environment.

We invested quite some time in acquiring GNOME knowledge, and switching our desktop environment would require going through that process again.

We are not proposing several desktop environments to choose from because we want to limit the amount of software included in Tails.

Compatibilidade de hardware

Veja também:

• System requirements - Known issues

Does Tails work on 32-bit computers?

No. Tails stopped working on 32-bit computer in Tails 3.0 (June 2017). Software built for 64-bit processors can benefit from several improvements that make it harder for attackers to exploit security vulnerabilities.

Before Tails 3.0, we estimated that only 4% of our users still had a 32-bit computer. We decided that the increased security for everybody else was more important than the compatibility with 32-bit computers.

Does Tails work on ARM architecture, Raspberry Pi, tablets, smartphones (mobile phones), or Apple M1?

For the moment, Tails is only available on the x86_64 architecture. The Raspberry Pi, most tablets, and most smartphones (mobile phones) are based on the ARM architecture. Tails does not work on the ARM architecture so far.

For this reason, Tails does not work on Mac models that use the Apple M1 chip.

Procure um tablet com um processador AMD ou Intel. Tente verificar sua compatibilidade com o Debian previamente; tente ter certeza, por exemplo, de que a interface Wi-Fi é suportada.

Installation

Do I need a USB stick dedicated to Tails?

Yes. Tails requires a USB stick dedicated to only running Tails.

If it were possible to use the same USB stick with another operating system, for example to store files to use on Windows, a virus in the other operating system could corrupt your Tails.

That's why your Tails USB stick is not recognized in Windows and why we discourage installing other live operating systems on the same USB stick.

To store files in your Tails USB stick, use the Persistent Storage. To exchange files between Tails and another operating system, use a separate USB stick.

Posso instalar Tails permanentemente no meu disco rígido?

Não é possível fazer isto usando os métodos de instalação recomendados. Tails é projetado para ser um sistema live, executado a partir de uma mídia removível: memória USB ou DVD.

Esta é uma decisão consciente pois este modo de operação é melhor para aquilo que queremos prover para os usuários de Tails: amnésia, o fato de que Tails não deixa rastros no computador depois que uma sessão foi terminada.

Can I install Tails with UNetbootin, YUMI, Rufus or my other favorite tool?

No. Those installation methods are unsupported. They might not work at all, or worse: they might seem to work, but produce a USB stick that does not behave like Tails should. Follow the download and installation documentation instead.

Should I update Tails using apt upgrade or Synaptic?

No. Tails provides upgrades every six weeks, that are thoroughly tested to make sure that no security feature or configuration gets broken. If you upgrade the system yourself using apt or Synaptic, you might break things. Upgrading when you get a notification from Tails Upgrader is enough.

Can I buy a preinstalled Tails USB stick or DVD?

No, we don't sell preinstalled Tails devices.

Selling preinstalled devices would in fact be a pretty bad idea:

• If burned on a DVD, then this DVD would be outdated on the next release. This means after 6 weeks at most.
• If installed onto a USB stick, then it would be impossible to verify that the Tails on the USB stick is genuine. Trusting that a Tails USB stick is genuine should be based either on cryptographic verification or on personal trust (if you know someone you trust who can clone a Tails USB stick for you). But once Tails is installed on a USB stick it is not possible to use our cryptographic verification techniques anymore. Being able to trust your Tails USB stick is something that we really care about.

Web browser

Why is JavaScript enabled by default in Tor Browser?

Many websites today require JavaScript to work correctly. As a consequence JavaScript is enabled by default in Tails to avoid confusing many users. But Tor Browser takes care of blocking dangerous JavaScript functionalities.

Tor Browser also includes a security level and the NoScript extension to optionally disable more JavaScript. This might improve security in some cases. However, if you disable JavaScript, then the fingerprint of your Tor Browser differs from most users. This reduces your anonymity.

Nós pensamos que ter JavaScript habilitado por padrão é o melhor balanço entre usabilidade e segurança neste caso.

Can I install other add-ons in Tor Browser?

Installing add-ons in Tor Browser might break the security built in Tails.

Extensões podem fazer muitas coisas com o navegador, e mesmo que todo o tráfego de rede saia através do Tor, algumas extensões poem interagir de forma ruim com o resto da configuração ou vazar informação privada.

1. Elas podem rastrear e revelar informações sobre seu comportamento de navegação, histórico de navegação, ou informações do sistema, seja de propósito ou por engano.

2. They can have bugs and security vulnerabilities that can be remotely exploited by an attacker.

3. They can have bugs breaking the security offered by other add-ons and break your anonymity.

4. They can break your anonymity by making your browsing behaviour distinguishable amongst other Tails users.

A menos que se prove o contrário, nenhuma extensão além daquelas que já estão inclusas no Tails foi seriamente auditada e deve ser considerada seguras para ser usada neste contexto.

Should I manually update add-ons included in Tor Browser?

No. Tails provides upgrades every six weeks, that are thoroughly tested to make sure that no security feature or configuration gets broken. Updating add-ons in Tor Browser might break the security built in Tails.

How to analyse the results of online anonymity tests?

Fingerprinting websites, such as https://coveryourtracks.eff.org/, try to retrieve as much information as possible from your browser to see if it can be used to identify you.

As explained in our documentation about the fingerprint of Tor Browser in Tails, Tails provides anonymity by making it difficult to distinguish a particular user amongst all the users of Tor Browser (either in Tails or on other operating systems).

So, the information retrieved by such fingerprinting websites is not harmful for anonymity in itself, as long as it is the same for all users of Tor Browser.

For example, the user-agent string of Tor Browser includes Windows NT but this value preserves your anonymity even if you run Windows NT. On the other hand, changing this value makes you distinguishable from other users of Tor Browser and, as a consequence, weakens your anonymity.

Além disso, verificamos o resultado daqueles sítios web antes de cada lançamento de versão, veja nosso conjunto de testes.

Is Java installed in the Tor Browser?

Tails não inclui um plugin Java em seu navegador porque isto poderia quebrar seu anonimato.

Networking

Can I use Tails with a VPN?

Tails does not work with VPNs.

There are three scenarios where a VPN would be involved in Tails:

• Using a VPN instead of Tor.
• Using a VPN to connect to Tor (VPN before Tor).
• Connecting to a VPN using Tor (VPN after Tor).

For more information, see our blueprint on VPN support.

Usar uma VPN ao invés do Tor

Unlike Tor, using a VPN does not provide anonymity.

Tor provides anonymity by making it impossible for a single point in the network to know both the origin and destination of a connection.

With VPNs, the administrators of the VPN can know both where you are connecting from and where you are connecting to.

It is fundamental to Tails that all outgoing traffic be forced through Tor. We have no plans to make it possible to use a VPN instead of Tor in the future.

Usar uma VPN para conectar ao Tor (VPN antes do Tor)

In some situations, you might need to use a VPN to connect to Tor. For example, your Internet Service Provider (ISP) might restrict connections to Tor relays.

In these situations, try using Tor bridges to bypass the restrictions imposed by your ISP or local network.

It is currently impossible to use a VPN in Tails to connect to Tor. We might make this possible in the future. (#17843)

Conectar a uma VPN usando Tor (VPN depois do Tor)

In some situations, it can be useful to connect to a VPN through Tor:

• Para acessar serviços que bloqueiam conexões vindas do Tor.
• To access resources only available inside a VPN, for example, a server at your company or university.

It is currently impossible to connect to a VPN in Tails using Tor. We might make this possible in the future. (#5858)

Can I choose the country of my exit nodes or further edit the torrc?

Editing the Tor configuration file, also called torrc, to modify how Tor creates circuits can weaken your anonymity in ways that are hard to understand and explain. That is why we don't explain how to modify the Tor configuration file in Tails, for example, to choose the country of your exit nodes or exclude some entry guards.

How does the DNS resolution work in Tails?

Veja nosso documento de projeto sobre este tópico.

Why does Tails automatically connect to several websites when starting?

The clock of the computer needs to be set at the correct time to both:

1. Be able to connect to the Tor network in the first place

   The computer clock is fixed a first time, approximately, before connecting to Tor, either automatically or manually.

2. Protect your anonymity while using Tor

   The computer clock is fixed a second time, precisely, to prevent a website from identifying you by analyzing minor differences of your computer clock with the correct time.

   This second synchronization is made by sending HTTPS queries through Tor to several websites and deducing a correct time from their answers. You can see the list of websites that Tails can connect to in /etc/default/htpdate.pools.

See also our design document on time synchronization.

Can I help the Tor network by running a relay or a bridge in Tails?

It is currently impossible to run a Tor relay or bridge in Tails.

Can I run a Tor onion service on Tails?

It is technically possible to use Tails to provide an onion service but it is complicated and not documented yet.

Can I use ping in Tails?

It is impossible to use ping in Tails, because ping uses the ICMP protocol while Tor can only transport TCP connections.

Software not included in Tails

Can my favorite software be included in Tails?

Primeiro, tenha certeza de que este programa já está disponível no Debian, pois esta é uma condição para que ele seja incluído no Tails. Adicionar ao Tails programas que não estão no Debian implica uma carga de trabalho adicional que poderia comprometer a sustentabilidade do projeto. Além disso, há diversas vantagens para um programa que está no Debian:

• Ele é incluído nos processos de atualizações de segurança e novas versões do Debian.
• Ele é autenticado usando assinaturas OpenPGP.
• Ele está sob o escrutínio da comunidade Debian e seus muitos usuários e derivados, incluindo o Ubuntu.

Para verificar se um programa está no Debian, faça uma busca em https://packages.debian.org/. Se ele ainda não estiver disponível no Debian, você deve perguntar a seus desenvolvedores por que ele ainda não foi incluído.

Segundo, tal programa pode não ser útil para atingir nossos objetivos de projeto. Veja nossos documentos de projeto para entender quais são os casos de uso pretendidos e sobre quais suposições o Tails está baseado.

Nós também tentamos limitar a quantidade de programas inclusos no Tails, e somente adicionamos um programa novo quando temos uma razão muito boa para fazê-lo:

• We try to limit the growth of the images and automatic upgrades.
• Um maior número de programas implica um maior número de questões de segurança.
• Nós evitamos propor diversas opções para realizar a mesma tarefa.
• Se um pacote precisar ser removido depois de sua inclusão, por exemplo por causa de problemas de segurança, isto pode ser problemático porque os usuários podem depender dele.

After considering all this, if you still think that this software is a good candidate to be included in Tails, please explain us your proposal on tails-dev@boum.org.

Aqui estão alguns dos programas que frequentemente nos pedem para incluir no Tails:

• monero: not in Debian, but see #17823
• bitmessage: não está no Debian
• retroshare: not in Debian
• rar/unrar: is not free software, but you can use the Additional Software feature to install it

Can I download using BitTorrent with Tails?

O Tails não vem com nenhum programa de BitTorrent e é pouco provável que algum venha a ser incluído no futuro.

O problema com o uso de BitTorrent sobre Tor é duplo:

• It is technically hard to do it properly, see: https://blog.torproject.org/bittorrent-over-tor-isnt-good-idea.
• It harms the network, see: https://blog.torproject.org/why-tor-slow-and-what-were-going-do-about-it.

Can I download videos from websites?

You can install youtube-dl as Additional Software. youtube-dl allows downloading videos from more than 700 websites.

For example, to download a YouTube video, execute the following command in a terminal:

torsocks youtube-dl "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWII85UlzKw"

For more information, refer to the official youtube-dl website.

How can I use Monero in Tails?

You can install the Feather Monero wallet as an AppImage.

Tails currently does not include a Monero wallet. However, we are interested in making it easier to use Monero in Tails in the future. See #17823 for a list of unofficial guides on how to use Monero in Tails.

Can I do voice or video calls from Tails?

Not yet.

• Videoconferencing tools that work in web browsers, like Jitsi, Google Meet, and BigBlueButton, don't work in Tor Browser yet.

  They rely on the WebRTC technology, which uses UDP connections. But, the Tor network only supports TCP connections, like the ones used for HTTP and email.

  The Tor Project is working on supporting UDP traffic over Tor, which should remove this limitation.

• Proprietary applications like Skype or Zoom will never be available in Tails because they are not Free Software.

• Mumble is the only voice chat application that we know works from Tails. You can use the Additional Software feature to add Mumble to your Tails.

  Wahay is a decentralized voice chat application based on Mumble. If you are a Debian developer, please help us get Wahay in Debian.

Other security issues

Is it safe to use an older version of Tails?

It is not safe to use an older version of Tails. Only the latest version of Tails should be used.

Because it is not safe to use an older version of Tails, we distribute only the latest version of Tails.

Older versions of Tails have security vulnerabilities and other issues that are fixed in the latest version of Tails.

We understand why you might want to use an older version of Tails. For example, the latest version of Tails might not be compatible with your hardware.

If you are experiencing an issue with the latest version of Tails, you can check our list of known issues to find out if there is a workaround for the issue you are experiencing.

If there is no known workaround for the issue you are experiencing, you might want to make a bug report to let us know about the issue.

Why does Tails include old versions of software?

Tails includes the software versions that are found in Debian stable. Even though the software versions might be old, they receive security fixes through the Debian security team.

Can I verify the integrity of a Tails USB stick or DVD?

It is impossible to verify the integrity of a Tails USB stick or DVD while running Tails from it. It would be like asking to someone whether they are lying: a true liar would always pretend to tell the truth.

If you worry that your Tails might be corrupted, do a manual upgrade from a trusted operating system to upgrade it to a trusted version of Tails.

Can I use the memory wipe feature of Tails on another operating system?

The memory wipe mechanism that Tails uses on shutdown to protect against cold boot attacks should be reusable in other Linux distributions.

Se você quiser implementar esta funcionalidade fora do Tails, dê uma olhada na documentação de projeto correspondente.

Where is the New Identity button?

Não há um botão de Nova Identidade para o Tails como um todo.

A funcionalidade de Nova Identidade do Navegador Tor

In the same way as the New Identity button of Tor Browser restarts the browser, you have to restart Tails before using a different identity.

See also our warning about using Tails sessions for only one purpose at a time.

Does Tails need an antivirus?

No, as other Linux systems, Tails doesn't require an antivirus to protect itself from most malwares, such as viruses, trojans, and worms. There are various reasons why Linux operating systems generally don't need antivirus softwares, including the permission design of Linux systems.

See the Wikipedia page on Linux malware for further details.