Queste istruzioni richiedono:

  • macOS 10.10 (Yosemite) o successivi

Avviare in macOS.

Installa Tails usando Etcher

Installa un Tails intermedio usando Etcher

In questo passaggio, installerai un Tails intermedio utilizzando l'immagine USB di Tails che hai scaricato in precedenza.

Installare Etcher

  1. Fai clic sul collegamento seguente per scaricare Etcher:

    Scarica Etcher per macOS

  2. Apri il download di Etcher (immagine disco DMG).

  3. Per installare Etcher, trascina l'icona di Etcher all'interno dell'icona Applicazioni .

  4. Chiudi la finestra di installazione di Etcher.

    In maniera facoltativo, espelli l'immagine disco di Etcher dal desktop.

Invece di installare Etcher, potete anche installare Tails utilizzando dd sulla riga di comando.

  1. Assicuratevi che la chiavetta USB sia scollegata.

  2. Aprite Terminale da Applicazioni ▸ Utilità ▸ Terminal.app.

  3. Esegui il comando seguente:

    diskutil list

    Restituisce un elenco dei dispositivi di archiviazione sul sistema. Per esempio:

    /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *500.1 GB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_HFS MacDrive 250.0 GB disk0s2 3: EFI 134.1 GB disk0s3 4: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 115.5 GB disk0s4

  4. Plug your USB stick in the computer.

  5. Eseguite nuovamente lo stesso comando:

    diskutil list

    Your USB stick appears as a new device in the list. Check that its size corresponds to the size of your USB stick.

    /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme ∗500.1 GB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_HFS MacDrive 250.0 GB disk0s2 3: EFI 134.1 GB disk0s3 4: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 115.5 GB disk0s4 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: FDisk_partition_scheme *8.0 GB disk1 1: Apple_HFS Untitled 1 8.0 GB disk1s1

  6. Prendi nota del nome del dispositivo della tua chiave USB. In questo esempio, la chiave USB è di 8.0 GB e il suo nome dispositivo è /dev/disk1. Per te potranno essere differenti.

    Se non siete sicuri del nome del dispositivo dovreste smettere la procedura oppure rischiate di sovrascrivere qualunque disco rigido sul sistema.

  7. Eseguite i seguenti comandi per copiare l'immagine USB scaricata precedentemente sulla chiavetta USB.

    Sostituire:

    • tails.img con il path all'immagine USB

      If you are unsure about the path to the USB image, you can insert the correct path by dragging and dropping the icon of the USB image from Finder onto Terminal.

    • device con il nome del dispositivo trovato nel passaggio 6

      You can try adding r before disk to make the installation faster.

    diskutil unmountDisk device

    dd if=tails.img of=device bs=16M && sync

    Dovreste ottenere qualcosa del genere:

    dd if=/Users/me/tails-amd64-3.12.img of=/dev/rdisk9 bs=16m && sync

    Se non compaiono messaggi di errore, Tails è stato copiato sulla chiavetta USB. La copia richiede tempo, solitamente alcuni minuti.

Se ottenete un errore di Permesso negato , provate ad aggiungere sudo all'inizio del comando:

sudo dd if=tails.img of=device bs=16m && sync

If you get an invalid number ‘16m’ error, try using 16M instead:

dd if=tails.img of=device bs=16M && sync

The installation is complete once the command prompt reappeared.

Install the intermediary Tails

Chiavetta USB inserita nel computer
Chiavetta USB inserita a sinistra

  1. Inserisci la chiavetta USB sulla quale vuoi installare Tails il Tails intermedio.

    Tutti i dati su questa chiavetta USB verranno persi.

    The Persistent Storage of your Tails USB stick will not be copied to the temporary Tails.

  2. Apri Finder e seleziona Etcher in Applicazioni.

    Apri il file Etcher scaricato.

    All'avviso di sicurezza, conferma che vuoi aprire Etcher.

    Etcher si avvia.

  3. Cliccate il bottone Selezionare immagine .

    Seleziona l'immagine USB che hai scaricato in precedenza.

    Assicurati che l'immagine USB abbia un'estensione di file .img.

    If the image has an .iso file extension, it is not the correct image. Please go back to the download step for installing from Windows. download step for installing from macOS. download step for upgrading from Windows. download step for upgrading from macOS.

  4. Etcher dovrebbe selezionare automaticamente la tua chiavetta USB. Altrimenti, fai clic sul collegamento Change per selezionare una chiavetta USB diversa.

    Immagine USB installata sulla chiavetta USB
    Immagine USB installata sulla chiavetta USB a sinistra

  5. Fai clic su Flash.

    Inserisci la tua password se ti viene chiesto di farlo.

    L'installazione richiede alcuni minuti.

    Dopo aver installato Tails, Etcher verifica l'installazione.

    Se la verifica di Etcher fallisce, prova a installare di nuovo o a usare un'altra chiavetta USB.

  6. Chiudi Etcher.

    Se appare una notifica che comunica che la chiavetta USB non è leggibile, fai clic su Espelli per espellere la chiavetta USB.

Tails USB stick

Congratulations, you have installed Tails on your USB stick!

You will now restart your computer on this USB stick. It can be a bit complicated, so good luck! But it might not work on your Mac model, so good luck!

If you are already in Tails, go directly to step 3: Verify that the other Tails is up-to-date.

Apri queste istruzioni su un altro dispositivo

Nei prossimi passaggi, dovrai spegnere il computer. Per poter essere in grado di seguire le istruzioni, ti raccomandiamo di fare una delle seguenti cose:

  • Apri questa pagina sul tuo smartphone, tablet o altro computer (consigliato).

  • Stampa il resto delle istruzioni su carta.

  • Prendi nota dell'indirizzo di questa pagina per poterci tornare più tardi:

    https://tails.boum.org/install/clone/index.it.html?back=1 https://tails.boum.org/install/win/usb/index.it.html?back=1 https://tails.boum.org/install/mac/usb/index.it.html?back=1 https://tails.boum.org/install/mac/clone/index.it.html?back=1 https://tails.boum.org/install/expert/usb/index.it.html?back=1 https://tails.boum.org/install/linux/usb/index.it.html?back=1 https://tails.boum.org/upgrade/clone/index.it.html?back=1 https://tails.boum.org/upgrade/tails/index.it.html?back=1 https://tails.boum.org/upgrade/win/index.it.html?back=1 https://tails.boum.org/upgrade/mac/index.it.html?back=1 https://tails.boum.org/upgrade/linux/index.it.html?back=1

Restart on the intermediary Tails

Restart on the other Tails

Restart on Tails

USB stick plugged on the left Computer restarted on USB stick Computer restarted on USB stick on the left USB stick unplugged on the right and computer restarted on USB stick on the left

Make the computer start on the USB stick

  1. Clicca il pulsante Start .

  2. Tieni premuto il tasto Shift mentre selezioni Power ▸ Riavvia il sistema.

  3. Nella schermata Scegli un'opzione, seleziona Utilizza un dispositivo.

    Se la schermata Scegli un'opzione non appare, fai riferimento alle istruzioni per avviare Tails utilizzando il tasto del menù di avvio.

  4. In the Use a device screen, choose Boot Menu.

    Windows shuts down, the computer restarts, and a Boot Menu appears.

    Plug in your Tails USB stick shortly after choosing Boot Menu and while Windows is shutting down.

    In the future, we We recommend that you only plug in your Tails USB stick while Windows is shutting down. Otherwise, a virus in Windows could infect your Tails USB stick and break its security.

    Such an attack is possible in theory but very unlikely in practice. We don't know of any virus capable of infecting Tails. See our warning on plugging Tails in untrusted systems.

    The Boot Menu is a list of possible devices to start from. The following screenshot is an example of a Boot Menu:

  5. In the Boot Menu, select your USB stick and press Enter.

  6. If the computer starts on Tails, the Boot Loader appears and Tails starts automatically after 4 seconds.

    Black screen ('GNU GRUB') with Tails logo and 2 options: 'Tails' and 'Tails (Troubleshooting Mode)'.

Most computers do not start on the Tails USB stick automatically but you can press a Boot Menu key to display a list of possible devices to start from.

If Windows 8 or 10 is also installed on the computer, you can refer instead to the instructions on starting Tails from Windows 8 or 10. Starting Tails from Windows is easier than using the Boot Menu key.

The following screenshot is an example of a Boot Menu:

This animation summarizes how to use the Boot Menu key to start on the USB stick:

The following instructions explain in detail how to use the Boot Menu key to start on the USB stick:

  1. Spegni il computer lasciando inserita la chiavetta USB.

    Shut down the computer and plug in the Tails USB stick.

    Spegni il computer.

    Plug in the other Tails USB stick that you want to install upgrade from.

    Unplug your Tails USB stick while leaving the intermediary USB stick plugged in.

  2. Identify the possible Boot Menu keys for the computer depending on the computer manufacturer in the following list:

    ManufacturerKey
    AcerF12, F9, F2, Esc
    AppleOption
    AsusEsc
    ClevoF7
    DellF12
    FujitsuF12, Esc
    HPF9
    HuaweiF12
    IntelF10
    LenovoF12
    MSIF11
    SamsungEsc, F12, F2
    SonyF11, Esc, F10
    ToshibaF12
    others…F12, Esc

    On many computers, a message is displayed very briefly when switching on that also explains how to get to the Boot Menu or edit the BIOS settings.

  3. Switch on the computer and immediately press several times the first possible Boot Menu key identified in step 2.

  4. If the computer starts on another operating system or returns an error message, shut down the computer again and repeat step 3 for all the possible Boot Menu keys identified in step 2.

    If a Boot Menu with a list of devices appears, select your USB stick and press Enter.

  5. If the computer starts on Tails, the Boot Loader appears and Tails starts automatically after 4 seconds.

    Black screen ('GNU GRUB') with Tails logo and 2 options: 'Tails' and 'Tails (Troubleshooting Mode)'.

  1. Shut down the computer while leaving the USB stick plugged in.

    Plug in the other Tails USB stick that you want to install from.

  2. Switch on the computer and immediately press-and-hold the Option key (Alt key) until a list of possible startup disks appears.

    'Option' or 'alt' key in the bottom left of Mac keyboard

  3. Choose the USB stick and press Enter. The USB stick appears as an external hard disk and might be labeled EFI Boot or Windows like in the following screenshot:

    Screen with the logo of an internal hard disk labeled 'Macintosh HD' and an external hard disk labelled 'Windows' (selected)

    If the USB stick does not appear in the list of startup disks:

    1. Make sure that you have verified your download of Tails.
    2. Try installing again on the same USB stick.
    3. Try installing on a different USB stick.
    4. Try using the same USB stick to start on a different computer.

    If your computer still does not display the Boot Loader, it might currently be impossible to start Tails on your computer.

  4. If your Mac displays the following error:

    Security settings do not allow this Mac to use an external startup disk.

    Then you have to change the settings of the Startup Security Utility of your Mac to authorize starting from Tails.

    To open Startup Security Utility:

    1. Turn on your Mac, then press and hold Command(⌘)+R immediately after you see the Apple logo. Your Mac starts up from macOS Recovery.

    2. When you see the macOS Utilities window, choose Utilities ▸ Startup Security Utility from the menu bar.

    3. When you are asked to authenticate, click Enter macOS Password, then choose an administrator account and enter its password.

    Startup Security Utility

    In the Startup Security Utility:

    • Choose No Security in the Secure Boot section.

    • Choose Allow booting from external media in the External Boot.

    To still protect your Mac from starting on untrusted external media, you can set a firmware password, available on macOS Mountain Lion or later. A firmware password prevents users who do not have the password from starting up from any media other than the designated startup disk.

    If you forget your firmware password you will require an in-person service appointment with an Apple Store or Apple Authorized Service Provider.

    Read more on Apple Support about:

  5. If the computer starts on Tails, the Boot Loader appears and Tails starts automatically after 4 seconds.

    Black screen ('GNU GRUB') with Tails logo and 2 options: 'Tails' and 'Tails (Troubleshooting Mode)'.

Troubleshooting

Starting the computer using a Boot Menu key can be faster than starting the computer on Windows first and then on Tails. We recommend you learn how to start Tails using the Boot Menu key if you use Tails regularly.

Welcome Screen

  1. One to two minutes after the Boot Loader, the Welcome Screen appears.

    Welcome to Tails!

  2. In the Welcome Screen, select your language and keyboard layout in the Language & Region section. Click Start Tails.

  3. Dopo 15–30 secondi, appare il desktop di Tails.

    Desktop di Tails

Test your Wi-Fi

Problems with Wi-Fi are unfortunately quite common in Tails and Linux in general. To test if your Wi-Fi interface works in Tails:

  1. Open the system menu in the top-right corner:

  2. Choose Wi-Fi Not Connected and then Select Network.

  3. After establishing a connection to a network:

    • If you can already access the Internet, Tor is automatically started.

    • If you need to log in to a captive portal before being granted access to the Internet, see our documentation about logging in to captive portals.

If your Wi-Fi interface is not working, either:

  • There is no Wi-Fi option in the system menu:

  • The interface is disabled when starting Tails or when plugging in your USB Wi-Fi adapter:

    Notification about network card being disabled

    In this case, you can disable MAC spoofing to get your Wi-Fi interface to work in Tails. Disabling MAC spoofing has security implications, so read carefully our documentation about MAC spoofing before doing so.

To connect to the Internet, you can try to:

  • Use an Ethernet cable instead of Wi-Fi if possible. Wired interfaces work much more reliably than Wi-Fi in Tails.

  • Share the Wi-Fi or mobile data connection of your phone using a USB cable. Sharing a connection this way is called USB tethering.

    See instructions for:

    Tails cannot hide the information that identifies your phone on the network. If you connect your phone to:

    • A Wi-Fi network, then the network will know the MAC address of your phone. This has security implications that are discussed in our documentation on MAC address spoofing. Some phones have a feature to hide the real MAC address of the phone.

    • A mobile data network, then the network will be able to know the identifier of your SIM card (IMSI) and also the serial number of your phone (IMEI).

  • Buy a USB Wi-Fi adapter that works in Tails:

    VendorModelSizeSpeedPriceBuy offlineBuy online
    Panda WirelessUltraNano150 Mbit/s$12NoAmazon
    Panda WirelessPAU05Small300 Mbit/s$14NoAmazon

    If you find another USB Wi-Fi adapter that works in Tails, please let us know. You can write to sajolida@pimienta.org (private email).

Yay, you managed to start your new Tails on your computer!

If you want to save some of your documents and configuration in an encrypted storage on your new Tails USB stick, follow our instructions until the end. Otherwise, have a look at our final recommendations. final recommendations. final recommendations. final recommendations. final recommendations. final recommendations.

Create a Persistent Storage (optional)

You can optionally create an encrypted Persistent Storage in the remaining free space on your new Tails USB stick to store any of the following:

  • File personali
  • Alcune impostazioni
  • Programmi aggiuntivi
  • Chiavi di cifratura

The data in the Persistent Storage:

  • Rimarranno disponibili anche sulle differenti sessioni di lavoro.
  • E' cifrato usando una parola chiave di tua scelta.

The Persistent Storage is not hidden. An attacker in possession of your USB stick can know that there is a Persistent Storage on it. Take into consideration that you can be forced or tricked to give out its passphrase.

It is possible to unlock the Persistent Storage from other operating systems. But, doing so might compromise the security provided by Tails.

For example, image thumbnails might be created and saved by the other operating system. Or, the contents of files might be indexed by the other operating system.

Other operating systems should probably not be trusted to handle sensitive information or leave no trace.

Create the Persistent Storage

  1. Scegli Applicazioni ▸ Tails ▸ Configure persistent volume.

  2. Specifica una parola segreta di tua scelta in entrambi i campi Passphrase and Verify Passphrase.

    Ti raccomandiamo di scegliere una parola segreta composta da 5 a 7 parole casuali. Vedi come si fa.

  3. Clicca sul bottone Crea.

  4. Aspetta che il processo di creazione abbia finito.

  5. The list of features of the Persistent Storage appears. Each feature corresponds to a set of files or settings that can be saved in the Persistent Storage.

    We recommend you to only turn on the Personal Data feature for the time being. You can turn on more features later on according to your needs.

  6. Clicca Salva.

Restart and unlock the Persistent Storage

  1. Shut down the computer and restart on your new Tails USB stick.

  2. In the Welcome Screen:

    Welcome to Tails!

    • Select your language and keyboard layout in the Language & Region section.

    • In the Encrypted Persistent Storage section, enter your passphrase and click Unlock to unlock the Persistent Storage for the current working session.

    • Click Start Tails.

  3. Dopo 15–30 secondi, appare il desktop di Tails.

  4. Ora puoi salvare i tuoi file riservati e i documenti su cui lavori nella cartellaPersistente. Per aprire la cartella della Persistenza scegli Posizioni ▸ Persistent.

Tails USB stick with Persistent Storage

You now have a complete Tails, congrats!

Raccomandazioni finali

Tails non ti protegge da tutto! Dai una occhiata ai nostri avvertimenti.

You should regularly make a backup of your Persistent Storage in case your Tails USB stick becomes lost or damaged.

Speriamo che ti divertirai usando Tails :)